Casa Batlló 巴特罗公寓

巴特尤公寓（Casa Batlló）是建筑师安东尼·高迪同若热普-玛丽亚·茹若尔（Josep Maria Jujol）合作装修改造的一座建筑。该建筑建于1877年，在1904年到1906年间接受改造。位于加泰罗尼亚巴塞罗那扩展区（Eixample）的格拉西亚大道（Passeig de Gràcia）43号。2005年被扩充入世界遗产。

建筑简介
房子内部的设计秉承高迪一贯的风格，没有棱角，全是柔和的波浪形状。高迪曾说：“艺术必须出自于大自然，因为大自然已为人们创造出最独特美丽的造型。”他认为大自然界是没有直线存在的，直线属于人类，而曲线才属于上帝。

这座建筑溢满了欢乐与活力，以波纹形状和各种色度的蓝色为主要元素。其灵感显然源自大自然和地中海，完美地印证了高迪那充满创造力的自由风格。高迪对原有的房子进行了一次彻底的改造。他新增了两层楼；为建筑正面设计了全新的波纹状表面，用玻璃和瓷片碎片拼成壮观的马赛克彩饰，巨大的龙脊背图案当属一大亮点；他还将建筑的天井合并起来，使整个房屋沐浴在日光下，确保通风良好。

主楼层就是巴特罗一家的住处。他们的住处占据了整个楼层，在宽敞客厅可俯瞰格拉西亚大道的，两大特色为：带铅条装饰窗的狭长走廊和室内的精致木工。重建还包括了另一个新增区域，极为非同寻常，那就是阁楼。它完美结合美观与实用性，从地中海风格建筑中汲取灵感，以多个支撑穹顶的悬链拱建成。

虽然高迪并未赋予该建筑的外观任何特别的解释，它的雄伟壮观还是引起了许多遐想。有些人觉得它像一幅油画，或莫奈笔下的睡莲；另一些人则认为它是一次狂欢，上面的马赛克碎片是飘飞的五彩纸屑，锻铁阳台是舞会面具，顶上尖塔则是小丑的帽子。而对许多人来说，巴特罗之家象征着加泰罗尼亚的守护圣徒——Sant Jordi（圣乔治）的传奇，他们把带有四只臂的塔楼看做劈开龙脊背的剑柄，把阳台看做龙的受害者的头骨，把石柱看做受害者的骨头。

位于楼顶的“龙腹”（The Dragon's Belly）是阁楼，正是龙脊内部。内部主色调是牙白，采用了精巧的悬链拱。这一点充分体现了高迪的自然主义倾向——拱形是一种仿生结构。有意思的是，这种结构模仿的恰恰是曾生活在中生代的巨大爬行动物恐龙，恐龙巨大的身躯、长颈和粗长的尾巴的重力中心是在腰部，身体的重量通过身体重心传递到粗壮的四肢上，整个身体的上部犹如一座拱桥，是一种承受巨大负荷的理想结构的造型，而且用料省，坚固耐压，外观美观大方。

设计者
高迪（1852—1926），西班牙伟大的现代主义建筑大师。他设计的四座经典建筑物分别是：圣家族大教堂（Temple De La Sagrada Famelia）、奎尔公园(Parc Guell)、米拉公寓(Casa Mila)和巴特罗公寓(Casa Batlle)，已经名留世界建筑史册。

Casa Batlló is a building in the center of Barcelona. It was designed by Antoni Gaudí, and is considered one of his masterpieces. A remodel of a previously built house, it was redesigned in 1904 by Gaudí and has been refurbished several times after that. Gaudí's assistants Domènec Sugrañes i Gras, Josep Canaleta and Joan Rubió also contributed to the renovation project. The local name for the building is Casa dels ossos (House of Bones), as it has a visceral, skeletal organic quality.

Like everything Gaudí designed, it is only identifiable as Modernisme or Art Nouveau in the broadest sense. The ground floor, in particular, has unusual tracery, irregular oval windows and flowing sculpted stone work. There are few straight lines, and much of the façade is decorated with a colorful mosaic made of broken ceramic tiles (trencadís). The roof is arched and was likened to the back of a dragon or dinosaur. A common theory about the building is that the rounded feature to the left of centre, terminating at the top in a turret and cross, represents the lance of Saint George (patron saint of Catalonia, Gaudí's home), which has been plunged into the back of the dragon.

History
Initial construction (1877)
The building that is now Casa Batlló was built in 1877, commissioned by Lluís Sala Sánchez.  It was a classical building without remarkable characteristics within the eclecticism traditional by the end of the 19th century.  The building had a basement, a ground floor, four other floors and a garden in the back.

The Batlló family
The house was bought by Josep Batlló in 1900. The design of the house made the home undesirable to buyers but the Batlló family decided to buy the place due to its centralized location. It is located in the middle of Passeig de Gracia, which in the early 20th century was known as a very prestigious and fashionable area. It was an area where the prestigious family could draw attention to themselves.

In 1906 Josep Batlló still owned the home. The Batlló family was very well known in Barcelona for its contribution to the textile industry in the city. Mr. Josep Batlló I Casanovas was a textile industrialist who owned a few factories in the city. Mr. Batlló married Amalia Godo Belaunzaran, from the family that founded the newspaper La Vanguardia. Josep wanted an architect that would design a house that was like no other and stood out as being audacious and creative. Both Josep and his wife were open to anything and they decided not to limit Gaudí. Josep did not want his house to resemble any of the houses of the rest of the Batlló family, such as Casa Pía, built by the Josep Vilaseca. He chose the architect who had designed Park Güell because he wanted him to come up with a risky plan. The family lived on the Noble Floor of Casa Batlló until the middle of the 1950s.

Renovation (1904-1906)
The atrium; Gaudí convinced Batlló to let him expand the central well of the building to let in light, instead of rebuilding.
In 1904 Josep Batlló hired Gaudí to design his home; at first his plans were to tear down the building and construct a completely new house. Gaudí convinced Josep that a renovation was sufficient and was also able to submit the planning application the same year. The building was completed and refurbished in 1906. He completely changed the main apartment which became the residence for the Batlló family. He expanded the central well in order to supply light to the whole building and also added new floors. In the same year the Barcelona City Council selected the house as a candidate for that year's best building award. The award was given to another architect that year despite Gaudí's design.

Design
The local name for the building is Casa dels ossos (House of Bones), as it has a visceral, skeletal organic quality. The building looks very remarkable — like everything Gaudí designed, only identifiable as Modernisme or Art Nouveau in the broadest sense. The ground floor, in particular, is rather astonishing with tracery, irregular oval windows and flowing sculpted stone work.

It seems that the goal of the designer was to avoid straight lines completely. Much of the façade is decorated with a mosaic made of broken ceramic tiles (trencadís) that starts in shades of golden orange moving into greenish blues. The roof is arched and was likened to the back of a dragon or dinosaur. A common theory about the building is that the rounded feature to the left of centre, terminating at the top in a turret and cross, represents the lance of Saint George (patron saint of Catalonia, Gaudí's home), which has been plunged into the back of the dragon.